Tracing

This guide walks through how to trace your code in Braintrust. Tracing is an invaluable tool for exploring the sub-components of your program which produce each top-level input and output. We currently support tracing in logging and evaluations.

Before proceeding, make sure to read the quickstart guide and setup an API key.

Traces: the building block of logs

The core building blocks of logging are spans and traces. A span represents a unit of work, with a start and end time, and optional fields like input, output, metadata, scores, and metrics (the same fields you can log in an Experiment). Each span contains one or more children, which are usually run within their parent span (e.g. a nested function call). Common examples of spans include LLM calls, vector searches, the steps of an agent chain, and model evaluations.

Together, spans form a trace, which represents a single independent request. Each trace is visible as a row in the final table. Well-designed traces make it easy to understand the flow of your application, and to debug issues when they arise. The rest of this guide walks through how to log rich, helpful traces. The tracing API works the same way whether you are logging online (production logging) or offline (evaluations), so the examples below apply to either use-case.

Annotating your code

To log a trace, you simply wrap the code you want to trace. Braintrust will automatically capture and log information behind the scenes.

import { initLogger, traced, wrapTraced } from "braintrust";
import OpenAI from "openai";
import { ChatCompletionMessageParam } from "openai/resources";
 
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "My Project",
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY,
});
 
const client = new OpenAI({
  apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY,
});
 
// wrapTraced() automatically logs the input (args) and output (return value)
// of this function to a span. To ensure the span is named `preparePrompt`,
// you should name the inline function definition (inside of wrapTraced).
const preparePrompt = wrapTraced(function preparePrompt(
  body: string,
): ChatCompletionMessageParam[] {
  return [
    { role: "system", content: "You are a helpful assistant." },
    { role: "user", content: body },
  ];
});
 
const someLLMFunction = wrapTraced(async function someLLMFunction(
  prompt: ChatCompletionMessageParam[],
) {
  const result = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-4o",
    messages: prompt,
  });
  return result.choices[0].message.content;
});
 
export async function POST(req: Request) {
  // You can use `traced(...)` to do more granular tracing. In this case, it
  // allows us to first load the request's text before logging it.
  return traced(async (span) => {
    const text = await req.text();
    const result = await someLLMFunction(await preparePrompt(text));
    span.log({ input: text, output: result });
    return result;
  });
}

Wrapping OpenAI

Braintrust includes a wrapper for the OpenAI API that automatically logs your requests. To use it, simply call wrapOpenAI/wrap_openai on your OpenAI instance. We intentionally do not monkey patch the libraries directly, so that you can use the wrapper in a granular way.

import { OpenAI } from "openai";
import { initLogger, traced, wrapOpenAI, wrapTraced } from "braintrust";
 
const client = wrapOpenAI(new OpenAI());
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "My Project",
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY,
});
 
async function someLLMFunction(text: string) {
  const result = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-4o",
    messages: [{ role: "user", content: text }],
  });
  return result.choices[0]?.message.content;
}
 
export async function POST(req: Request) {
  return traced(async (span) => {
    const body = await req.json();
    const result = await someLLMFunction(body.message);
    span.log({
      input: body,
      output: result,
      metadata: { user_id: body.user.id },
    });
    return result;
  });
}

Streaming metrics

wrap_openai/wrapOpenAI will automatically log metrics like prompt_tokens, completion_tokens, and total_tokens for streaming LLM calls if the LLM API returns them. OpenAI only returns these metrics if you set include_usage to true in the stream_options parameter.

import { OpenAI } from "openai";
import { initLogger, traced, wrapOpenAI, wrapTraced } from "braintrust";
 
const client = wrapOpenAI(new OpenAI());
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "My Project",
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY,
});
 
async function main() {
  const result = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-4o",
    messages: [{ role: "user", content: "What is 1+1?" }],
    stream: true,
    stream_options: {
      include_usage: true,
    },
  });
 
  for await (const chunk of result) {
    console.log(chunk);
  }
}
 
main().catch(console.error);

Wrapping a custom LLM client

If you're using your own client, you can wrap it yourself using the same conventions as the OpenAI wrapper. Feel free to check out the Python and TypeScript implementations for reference.

To track the span as an LLM, you must:

• Specify the type as llm. You can specify any name you'd like. This enables LLM duration metrics.
• Add prompt_tokens, completion_tokens, and total_tokens to the metrics field. This enables LLM token usage metrics.
• Format the input as a list of messages (using the OpenAI format), and put other parameters (like model) in metadata. This enables the "Try prompt" button in the UI.

import { initLogger, traced, wrapTraced } from "braintrust";
 
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "My Project",
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY,
});
 
interface LLMCompletion {
  completion: string;
  metrics: {
    prompt_tokens: number;
    completion_tokens: number;
  };
}
 
async function callMyLLM(
  input: string,
  params: { temperature: number },
): Promise<LLMCompletion> {
  // Replace with your custom LLM implementation
  return {
    completion: "Hello, world!",
    metrics: {
      prompt_tokens: input.length,
      completion_tokens: 10,
    },
  };
}
 
export const invokeCustomLLM = wrapTraced(
  async function invokeCustomLLM(
    llmInput: string,
    params: { temperature: number },
  ) {
    return traced(async (span) => {
      const result = await callMyLLM(llmInput, params);
      const content = result.completion;
      span.log({
        input: [{ role: "user", content: llmInput }],
        output: content,
        metrics: {
          prompt_tokens: result.metrics.prompt_tokens,
          completion_tokens: result.metrics.completion_tokens,
          total_tokens:
            result.metrics.prompt_tokens + result.metrics.completion_tokens,
        },
        metadata: params,
      });
      return content;
    });
  },
  {
    type: "llm",
    name: "Custom LLM",
  },
);
 
export async function POST(req: Request) {
  return traced(async (span) => {
    const result = await invokeCustomLLM(await req.text(), {
      temperature: 0.1,
    });
    span.log({ input: req.body, output: result });
    return result;
  });
}

Errors

When you run:

• Python code inside of the @traced decorator or within a start_span() context
• TypeScript code inside of traced (or a wrappedTraced function)

Braintrust will automatically log any exceptions that occur within the span.

Under the hood, every span has an error field which you can also log to directly.

import { wrapTraced, currentSpan } from "braintrust";
 
async function processRequest(input: string) {
  return input.length > 10
    ? { error: "Input too long" }
    : { data: "Hello, world!" };
}
 
const requestHandler = wrapTraced(async function requestHandler(req: Request) {
  const body = await req.text();
  const result = await processRequest(body);
  if (result.error) {
    currentSpan().log({ error: result.error });
  } else {
    currentSpan().log({ input: req.body, output: result.data });
  }
  return result;
});

Deeply nested code

Often, you want to trace functions that are deep in the call stack, without having to propagate the span object throughout. Braintrust uses async-friendly context variables to make this workflow easy:

• The traced function/decorator will create a span underneath the currently-active span.
• The currentSpan() / current_span() method returns the currently active span, in case you need to do additional logging.

import {
  currentSpan,
  initLogger,
  traced,
  wrapOpenAI,
  wrapTraced,
} from "braintrust";
import OpenAI from "openai";
 
const logger = initLogger();
const client = wrapOpenAI(
  new OpenAI({
    apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY,
  }),
);
 
export const runLLM = wrapTraced(async function runLLM(input) {
  const model = Math.random() > 0.5 ? "gpt-4o" : "gpt-4o-mini";
  const result = await client.chat.completions.create({
    model,
    messages: [{ role: "user", content: input }],
  });
  const output = result.choices[0].message.content;
  currentSpan().log({
    metadata: {
      randomModel: model,
    },
  });
  return output;
});
 
export const someLogic = wrapTraced(async function someLogic(input: string) {
  return await runLLM(
    "You are a magical wizard. Answer the following question: " + input,
  );
});
 
export async function POST(req: Request) {
  return await traced(async () => {
    const body = await req.json();
    const result = await someLogic(body.text);
    currentSpan().log({
      input: body.text,
      output: result,
      metadata: { user_id: body.userId },
    });
    return result;
  });
}

Multimodal content

Uploading attachments

In addition to text and structured data, Braintrust also supports uploading file attachments (blobs). This is especially useful when working with multimodal models, which can require logging large image, audio, or video files. You can also use attachments to log other unstructured data related to your LLM usage, such as a user-provided PDF file that your application later transforms into an LLM input.

To upload an attachment, create a new Attachment object to represent the file on disk or binary data in memory to be uploaded. You can place the Attachment object anywhere in the event to be logged, including in arrays/lists or deeply nested in objects.

import { Attachment, initLogger } from "braintrust";
 
const logger = initLogger({ projectName: "Attachment Example" });
 
async function main() {
  logger.log({
    input: {
      question: "What is this?",
      context: new Attachment({
        data: "path/to/input_image.jpg",
        filename: "user_input.jpg",
        contentType: "image/jpeg",
      }),
    },
    output: "Example response.",
  });
}
 
main();

The SDK uploads the attachments separately from other parts of the log, so the presence of attachments doesn't affect logging performance.

Image, audio, video, and PDF attachments can be previewed in Braintrust. All attachments can be downloaded for viewing locally.

Linking to external images

To log an external image, provide an image URL or base64 encoded image as a string. The tree viewer will automatically render the image.

The tree viewer will look at the URL or string to determine if it is an image. If you want to force the viewer to treat it as an image, then nest it in an object like

{
  "image_url": {
    "url": "https://example.com/image.jpg"
  }
}

and the viewer will render it as an image. Base64 images must be rendered in URL format, just like the OpenAI API. For example:

data:image/png;base64,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

Tracing integrations

Vercel AI SDK

The Vercel AI SDK is an elegant tool for building AI-powered applications. You can wrap the SDK in Braintrust to automatically log your requests.

import { initLogger, wrapAISDKModel } from "braintrust";
import { openai } from "@ai-sdk/openai";
 
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "My Project",
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY,
});
 
const model = wrapAISDKModel(openai.chat("gpt-3.5-turbo"));
 
async function main() {
  // This will automatically log the request, response, and metrics to Braintrust
  const response = await model.doGenerate({
    inputFormat: "messages",
    mode: {
      type: "regular",
    },
    prompt: [
      {
        role: "user",
        content: [{ type: "text", text: "What is the capital of France?" }],
      },
    ],
  });
  console.log(response);
}
 
main();

Instructor

To use Instructor to generate structured outputs, you need to wrap the OpenAI client with both Instructor and Braintrust. It's important that you call Braintrust's wrap_openai first, because it uses low-level usage info and headers returned by the OpenAI call to log metrics to Braintrust.

import instructor
from braintrust import init_logger, load_prompt, wrap_openai
 
logger = init_logger(project="Your project name")
 
 
def run_prompt(text: str):
    # Replace with your project name and slug
    prompt = load_prompt("Your project name", "Your prompt name")
 
    # wrap_openai will make sure the client tracks usage of the prompt.
    client = instructor.patch(wrap_openai(OpenAI()))
 
    # Render with parameters
    return client.chat.completions.create(**prompt.build(input=text), response_model=MyResponseModel)

Langchain

To trace Langchain code in Braintrust, you can use the BraintrustTracer callback handler. The callback handler is currently only supported in Python, but if you need support for other languages, please let us know.

To use it, simply initialize a BraintrustTracer and pass it as a callback handler to langchain objects you create.

from braintrust import Eval
from braintrust.wrappers.langchain import BraintrustTracer
from langchain.chains import LLMMathChain
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
 
from autoevals import Levenshtein
 
tracer = BraintrustTracer()
 
llm = ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-3.5-turbo", callbacks=[tracer])
llm_math = LLMMathChain.from_llm(llm, callbacks=[tracer])
 
Eval(
    "Calculator",
    data=[{"input": "1+1", "expected": "2"}],
    task=lambda input: llm_math.invoke(input),
    scores=[Levenshtein],
)

OpenTelemetry (OTel)

To set up Braintrust as an OpenTelemetry backend, you'll need to route the traces to Braintrust's OpenTelemetry endpoint, set your API key, and specify a parent project or experiment.

Braintrust supports a combination of common patterns from OpenLLMetry and popular libraries like the Vercel AI SDK. Behind the scenes, clients can point to Braintrust's API as an exporter, which makes it easy to integrate without having to install additional libraries or code. OpenLLMetry supports a range of languages including Python, TypeScript, Java, and Go, so it's an easy way to start logging to Braintrust from many different environments.

Once you set up an OpenTelemetry Protocol Exporter (OTLP) to send traces to Braintrust, we automatically convert LLM calls into Braintrust LLM spans, which can be saved as prompts and evaluated in the playground.

For collectors that use the OpenTelemetry SDK to export traces, set the following environment variables:

OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://api.braintrust.dev/otel
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS="Authorization=Bearer <Your API Key>, x-bt-parent=project_id:<Your Project ID>"

The x-bt-parent header sets the trace's parent project or experiment. You can use a prefix like project_id:, project_name:, or experiment_id: here, or pass in a span slug (span.export()) to nest the trace under a span within the parent object.

Vercel AI SDK

To use the Vercel AI SDK to send telemetry data to Braintrust, set these environment variables in your Next.js app's .env file:

OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://api.braintrust.dev/otel
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS="Authorization=Bearer <Your API Key>, x-bt-parent=project_id:<Your Project ID>"

You can then use the experimental_telemetry option to enable telemetry on supported AI SDK function calls:

import { createOpenAI } from "@ai-sdk/openai";
import { generateText } from "ai";
 
const openai = createOpenAI();
 
async function main() {
  const result = await generateText({
    model: openai("gpt-4o-mini"),
    prompt: "What is 2 + 2?",
    experimental_telemetry: {
      isEnabled: true,
      metadata: {
        query: "weather",
        location: "San Francisco",
      },
    },
  });
  console.log(result);
}
 
main();

Traced LLM calls will appear under the Braintrust project or experiment provided in the x-bt-parent header.

Traceloop

To export OTel traces from Traceloop OpenLLMetry to Braintrust, set the following environment variables:

TRACELOOP_BASE_URL=https://api.braintrust.dev/otel
TRACELOOP_HEADERS="Authorization=Bearer <Your API Key>, x-bt-parent=project_id:<Your Project ID>"

Traces will then appear under the Braintrust project or experiment provided in the x-bt-parent header.

from openai import OpenAI
from traceloop.sdk import Traceloop
from traceloop.sdk.decorators import workflow
 
Traceloop.init(disable_batch=True)
client = OpenAI()
 
 
@workflow(name="story")
def run_story_stream(client):
    completion = client.chat.completions.create(
        model="gpt-4o-mini",
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me a short story about LLM evals."}],
    )
    return completion.choices[0].message.content
 
 
print(run_story_stream(client))

LlamaIndex

To trace LLM calls with LlamaIndex, you can use the OpenInference LlamaIndexInstrumentor to send OTel traces directly to Braintrust. Configure your environment and set the OTel endpoint:

import os
 
import llama_index.core
 
BRAINTRUST_API_URL = os.environ.get("BRAINTRUST_API_URL", "https://api.braintrust.dev")
BRAINTRUST_API_KEY = os.environ.get("BRAINTRUST_API_KEY", "<Your API Key>")
PROJECT_ID = "<Your Project ID>"
 
os.environ["OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS"] = (
    f"Authorization=Bearer {BRAINTRUST_API_KEY}" + f"x-bt-parent=project_id:{PROJECT_ID}"
)
llama_index.core.set_global_handler("arize_phoenix", endpoint=f"{BRAINTRUST_API_URL}/otel/v1/traces")

Now traced LLM calls will appear under the provided Braintrust project or experiment.

from llama_index.core.llms import ChatMessage
from llama_index.llms.openai import OpenAI
 
messages = [
    ChatMessage(role="system", content="Speak like a pirate. ARRR!"),
    ChatMessage(role="user", content="What do llamas sound like?"),
]
result = OpenAI().chat(messages)
print(result)

Distributed tracing

Sometimes it's useful to be able to start a trace in one process and continue it in a different one. For this purpose, Braintrust provides an export function which returns an opaque string identifier. This identifier can be passed to start_span to resume the trace elsewhere. Consider the following example of tracing across separate client and server processes.

Client code

import { currentSpan, initLogger, wrapTraced } from "braintrust";
import { ChatCompletionMessageParam } from "openai/resources";
 
const logger = initLogger({ projectName: "my-project" });
 
async function remoteChatCompletion(args: {
  model: string;
  messages: ChatCompletionMessageParam[];
  extraHeaders?: Record<string, string>;
}) {
  // This is a placeholder for code that would call a remote service
}
 
const bedTimeStory = wrapTraced(async function bedtimeStory(input: {
  summary: string;
  length: number;
}) {
  return await remoteChatCompletion({
    model: "gpt-3.5-turbo",
    messages: [
      {
        role: "system",
        content:
          "Come up with a bedtime story with the following summary and approximate length (in words)",
      },
      {
        role: "user",
        content: `summary: ${input.summary}\nlength: ${input.length}`,
      },
    ],
    extraHeaders: {
      request_id: await currentSpan().export(),
    },
  });
});

Server code

import { traced, wrapOpenAI } from "braintrust";
import OpenAI from "openai";
import { ChatCompletionMessageParam } from "openai/resources";
 
const client = wrapOpenAI(
  new OpenAI({
    apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY,
  }),
);
 
async function serverSideChatCompletion(request: {
  model: string;
  messages: ChatCompletionMessageParam[];
  headers?: Record<string, string>;
}) {
  return await traced(
    async (span) => {
      const output = await client.chat.completions.create({
        model: request.model,
        messages: request.messages,
      });
      return output.choices[0].message.content;
    },
    {
      name: "text_generator_server",
      type: "llm",
      // This will be a fresh, root-level trace if headers or request_id are undefined,
      // or will create sub-spans under the parent trace if they are defined.
      parent: request.headers?.request_id,
    },
  );
}

Updating spans

Similar to distributed tracing, it can be useful to update spans after you initially log them. For example, if you collect the output of a span asynchronously.

The Experiment and Logger classes each have an updateSpan() method, which you can call with the span's id to perform an update:

import { initLogger, wrapTraced, currentSpan } from "braintrust";
 
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "my-project", // Replace with your project name
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY, // Replace with your API key
});
 
const startRequest = wrapTraced(async function startRequest(request) {
  const handle = startSomething(request.body);
  return {
    result: handle,
    spanId: currentSpan().id,
  };
});
 
const finishRequest = wrapTraced(async function finishRequest(handle, spanId) {
  const result = await finishSomething(handle);
  logger.updateSpan({
    id: spanId,
    output: result,
  });
  return result;
});

You can also use span.export() to export the span in a fully contained string, which is useful if you have multiple loggers or perform the update from a different service.

import { initLogger, wrapTraced, currentSpan, updateSpan } from "braintrust";
 
const logger = initLogger({
  projectName: "my-project", // Replace with your project name
  apiKey: process.env.BRAINTRUST_API_KEY, // Replace with your API key
});
 
const startRequest = wrapTraced(async function startRequest(request) {
  const handle = startSomething(request.body);
  return {
    result: handle,
    exported: currentSpan().export(),
  };
});
 
const finishRequest = wrapTraced(
  async function finishRequest(handle, exported) {
    const result = await finishSomething(handle);
    updateSpan({
      exported,
      output: result,
    });
    return result;
  },
);

Deep-linking to spans

The Span.permalink method formats a permalink to the Braintrust application for viewing the span. The link will open the UI to the row represented by the Span object.

If you do not have access to the original Span object, the slug produced by Span.export contains enough information to produce the same permalink. The braintrust.permalink function can be used to construct a deep link to the row in the UI from a given span slug.

Manually managing spans

In more complicated environments, it may not always be possible to wrap the entire duration of a span within a single block of code. In such cases, you can always pass spans around manually.

Consider this hypothetical server handler, which logs to a span incrementally over several distinct callbacks:

import {
  Span,
  initLogger,
  startSpan,
  wrapOpenAI,
  wrapTraced,
} from "braintrust";
import { OpenAI } from "openai";
 
const client = wrapOpenAI(new OpenAI({ apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY }));
const logger = initLogger({ projectName: "My long-running project" });
 
const computeOutput = wrapTraced(async function computeOutput(
  systemPrompt: string,
  userInput: string,
  parentSpan: Span,
) {
  return await client.chat.completions.create({
    model: "gpt-3.5-turbo",
    messages: [
      { role: "system", content: systemPrompt },
      { role: "user", content: userInput },
    ],
  });
});
 
class MyHandler {
  private liveSpans: Record<string, { span: Span; input: string }>;
 
  constructor() {
    this.liveSpans = {};
  }
 
  async onRequestStart(requestId: string, input: string, expected: string) {
    const span = startSpan({ name: requestId, event: { input, expected } });
    this.liveSpans[requestId] = { span, input };
  }
 
  async onGetOutput(requestId: string, systemPrompt: string) {
    const { span, input } = this.liveSpans[requestId];
    const output = await computeOutput(systemPrompt, input, span);
    span.log({ output });
  }
 
  async onRequestEnd(requestId: string, metadata: Record<string, string>) {
    const { span } = this.liveSpans[requestId];
    delete this.liveSpans[requestId];
    span.log({ metadata });
    span.end();
  }
}

Custom rendering for span fields

Although the built-in span viewers cover a variety of different span field display types— YAML, JSON, Markdown, LLM calls, and more—you may want to further customize the display of your span data. For example, you could include the id of an internal database and want to fetch and display its contents in the span viewer. Or, you may want to reformat the data in the span in a way that's more useful for your use case than the built-in options.

To support these use cases, Braintrust supports custom span iframe viewers. To enable a span iframe, visit the Configuration tab of a project, and create one. You can define the URL, and then customize its behavior:

• Provide a title, which is displayed at the top of the section.
• Provide, via mustache, template parameters to the URL. These parameters are in terms of the top-level span fields, e.g. {{input}}, {{output}}, {{expected}}, etc. or their subfields, e.g. {{input.question}}.
• Allow Braintrust to send a message to the iframe with the span data, which is useful when the data may be very large and not fit in a URL.

In this example, the "Table" section is a custom span iframe.

Iframe message format

In Zod format, the message schema looks like this:

import { z } from "zod";
 
export const settingsMessageSchema = z.object({
  type: z.literal("settings"),
  settings: z.object({
    theme: z.enum(["light", "dark"]),
    // This is not currently used, but in the future, span iframes will support
    // editing and sending back data.
    readOnly: z.boolean(),
  }),
});
 
export const dataMessageSchema = z.object({
  type: z.literal("data"),
  data: z.object({
    input: z.array(z.record(z.unknown())),
  }),
});
 
export const messageSchema = z.union([
  settingsMessageSchema,
  dataMessageSchema,
]);

Example code

To help you get started, check out the braintrustdata/braintrust-viewers repository on Github, which contains example code for rendering a table, X/Tweet, and more.

Importing and exporting spans

Spans are processed in Braintrust as a simple format, consisting of input, output, expected, metadata, scores, and metrics fields (all optional), as well as a few system-defined fields which you usually do not need to mess with, but are described below for completeness. This simple format makes it easy to import spans captured in other systems (e.g. languages other than TypeScript/Python), or to export spans from Braintrust to consume in other systems.

Underlying format

The underlying span format contains a number of fields which are not exposed directly through the SDK, but are useful to understand when importing/exporting spans.

• id is a unique identifier for the span, within the container (e.g. an experiment, or logs for a project). You can technically set this field yourself (to overwrite a span), but it is recommended to let Braintrust generate it automatically.
• input, output, expected, scores, metadata, and metrics are optional fields which describe the span and are exposed in the Braintrust UI. When you use the TypeScript or Python SDK, these fields are validated for you (e.g. scores must be a mapping from strings to numbers between 0 and 1).
• span_attributes contains attributes about the span. Currently the recognized attributes are name, which is used to display the span name in the UI, and type, which displays a helpful icon. type should be one of "llm", "score", "function", "eval", "task", or "tool".
• Depending on the container, e.g. an experiment, or project logs, or a dataset, fields like project_id, experiment_id, dataset_id, and log_id are set automatically, by the SDK, so the span can be later retrieved by the UI and API. You should not set these fields yourself.
• span_id, root_span_id, and span_parents are used to construct the span tree and are automatically set by Braintrust. You should not set these fields yourself, but rather let the SDK create and manage them (even if importing from another system).

When importing spans, the only fields you should need to think about are input, output, expected, scores, metadata, and metrics. You can use the SDK to populate the remaining fields, which the next section covers with an example.

Here is an example of a span in the underlying format:

{
  "id": "385052b6-50a2-43b4-b52d-9afaa34f0bff",
  "input": {
    "question": "What is the origin of the customer support issue??"
  },
  "output": {
    "answer": "The customer support issue originated from a bug in the code.",
    "sources": ["http://www.example.com/faq/1234"]
  },
  "expected": {
    "answer": "Bug in the code that involved dividing by zero.",
    "sources": ["http://www.example.com/faq/1234"]
  },
  "scores": {
    "Factuality": 0.6
  },
  "metadata": {
    "pos": 1
  },
  "metrics": {
    "end": 1704872988.726753,
    "start": 1704872988.725727
    // Can also include `tokens`, etc. here
  },
  "project_id": "d709efc0-ac9f-410d-8387-345e1e5074dc",
  "experiment_id": "51047341-2cea-4a8a-a0ad-3000f4a94a96",
  "created": "2024-01-10T07:49:48.725731+00:00",
  "span_id": "70b04fd2-0177-47a9-a70b-e32ca43db131",
  "root_span_id": "68b4ef73-f898-4756-b806-3bdd2d1cf3a1",
  "span_parents": ["68b4ef73-f898-4756-b806-3bdd2d1cf3a1"],
  "span_attributes": {
    "name": "doc_included"
  }
}

Example import/export

The following example walks through how to generate spans in one program and then import them to Braintrust in a script. You can use this pattern to support tracing or running experiments in environments that use programming languages other than TypeScript/Python (e.g. Kotlin, Java, Go, Ruby, Rust, C++), or codebases that cannot integrate the Braintrust SDK directly.

Generating spans

The following example runs a simple LLM app and collects logging information at each stage of the process, without using the Braintrust SDK. This could be implemented in any programming language, and you certainly do not need to collect or process information this way. All that matters is that your program generates a useful format that you can later parse and use to import the spans using the SDK.

import json
import time
 
import openai
 
client = openai.OpenAI()
 
 
def run_llm(input, **params):
    start = time.time()
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": input}]
    result = client.chat.completions.create(
        model="gpt-3.5-turbo", messages=[{"role": "user", "content": input}], **params
    )
    end = time.time()
    return {
        "input": messages,
        "output": result.choices[0].message.dict(),
        "metadata": {"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo", "params": params},
        "metrics": {
            "start": start,
            "end": end,
            "tokens": result.usage.total_tokens,
            "prompt_tokens": result.usage.prompt_tokens,
            "completion_tokens": result.usage.completion_tokens,
        },
        "name": "OpenAI Chat Completion",
    }
 
 
PROMPT_TEMPLATE = "Answer the following question: %s"
 
 
def run_input(question, expected):
    result = run_llm(PROMPT_TEMPLATE % question, max_tokens=32)
    return {
        "input": question,
        "output": result["output"]["content"],
        # Expected is propagated here to make it easy to use it in the import
        # script, but it's not strictly needed to be here.
        "expected": expected,
        "metadata": {
            "template": PROMPT_TEMPLATE,
        },
        "children": [result],
        "name": "run_input",
    }
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    for question, expected in [
        [
            "What is 1+1?",
            "2.",
        ],
        [
            "Which is larger, the sun or the moon?",
            "The sun.",
        ],
    ]:
        print(json.dumps(run_input(question, expected)))

Running this script produces output like:

{"input": "What is 1+1?", "output": "The sum of 1+1 is 2.", "expected": "2.", "metadata": {"template": "Answer the following question: %s"}, "children": [{"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "Answer the following question: What is 1+1?"}], "output": {"content": "The sum of 1+1 is 2.", "role": "assistant", "function_call": null, "tool_calls": null}, "metadata": {"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo", "params": {"max_tokens": 32}}, "metrics": {"start": 1704916642.978631, "end": 1704916643.450115, "tokens": 30, "prompt_tokens": 19, "completion_tokens": 11}, "name": "OpenAI Chat Completion"}], "name": "run_input"}
{"input": "Which is larger, the sun or the moon?", "output": "The sun is larger than the moon.", "expected": "The sun.", "metadata": {"template": "Answer the following question: %s"}, "children": [{"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "Answer the following question: Which is larger, the sun or the moon?"}], "output": {"content": "The sun is larger than the moon.", "role": "assistant", "function_call": null, "tool_calls": null}, "metadata": {"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo", "params": {"max_tokens": 32}}, "metrics": {"start": 1704916643.450675, "end": 1704916643.839096, "tokens": 30, "prompt_tokens": 22, "completion_tokens": 8}, "name": "OpenAI Chat Completion"}], "name": "run_input"}

Importing spans

The following program uses the Braintrust SDK in Python to import the spans generated by the previous script. Again, you can modify this program to fit the needs of your environment, e.g. to import spans from a different source or format.

import json
import sys
 
import braintrust
 
from autoevals import Factuality
 
 
def upload_tree(span, node, **kwargs):
    span.log(
        input=node.get("input"),
        output=node.get("output"),
        expected=node.get("expected"),
        metadata=node.get("metadata"),
        metrics=node.get("metrics"),
        **kwargs,
    )
    for c in node.get("children", []):
        with span.start_span(name=c.get("name")) as span:
            upload_tree(span, c)
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # This could be another container, like a log stream initialized
    # via braintrust.init_logger()
    experiment = braintrust.init("My Support App")
 
    factuality = Factuality()
    for line in sys.stdin:
        tree = json.loads(line)
        with experiment.start_span(name="task") as span:
            upload_tree(span, tree)
            with span.start_span(name="Factuality"):
                score = factuality(input=tree["input"], output=tree["output"], expected=tree["expected"])
            span.log(
                scores={
                    "factuality": score.score,
                },
                # This will merge the metadata from the factuality score with the
                # metadata from the tree.
                metadata={"factuality": score.metadata},
            )
 
    print(experiment.summarize())

Frequently asked questions

How do I disable logging?

If you are not running an eval or logging, then the tracing code will be a no-op with negligible performance overhead. In other words, if you do not call initLogger/init_logger/init, in your code, then the tracing annotations are a no-op.

What happens if Braintrust fails to log a span?

If the Braintrust SDK cannot log for some reason (e.g. a network issue), then your application should not be affected. All logging operations run in a background thread, including api key validation, project/experiment registration, and flushing logs.

When errors occur, the SDK retries a few times before eventually giving up. You'll see loud warning messages when this occurs. And you can tune this behavior via the environment variables defined in Tuning parameters.

How do I trace from languages other than TypeScript/Python?

You can use the Braintrust API to import spans from other languages. See the import/export section for details. We are also exploring support for other languages. Feel free to reach out if you have a specific request.

What are the limitations of the trace data structure? Can I trace a graph?

A trace is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of spans. Each span can have multiple parents, but most executions are a tree of spans. Currently, the UI only supports displaying a single root span, due to the popularity of this pattern.

Troubleshooting

Tuning Parameters

The SDK includes several tuning knobs that may prove useful for debugging.

• BRAINTRUST_SYNC_FLUSH: By default, the SDKs will log to the backend API in the background, asynchronously. Logging is automatically batched and retried upon encountering network errors. If you wish to have fine-grained control over when logs are flushed to the backend, you may set BRAINTRUST_SYNC_FLUSH=1. When true, flushing will only occur when you run Experiment.flush (or any of the other object flush methods). If the flush fails, the SDK will raise an exception which you can handle.
• BRAINTRUST_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE: The SDK logger batches requests to save on network roundtrips. The batch size is tuned for the AWS lambda gateway, but you may adjust this if your backend has a different max payload requirement.
• BRAINTRUST_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE: The maximum number of individual log messages that are sent to the network in one payload.
• BRAINTRUST_NUM_RETRIES: The number of times the logger will attempt to retry network requests before failing.
• BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_SIZE (Python only): The maximum number of elements in the logging queue. This value limits the memory usage of the logger. Logging additional elements beyond this size will block the calling thread. You may set the queue size to unlimited (and thus non-blocking) by passing BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_SIZE=0.
• BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_DROP_WHEN_FULL (Python only): Useful in conjunction with BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_SIZE. Change the behavior of the queue from blocking when it reaches its max size to dropping excess elements. This can be useful for guaranteeing non-blocking execution, at the cost of possibly dropping data.
• BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_DROP_EXCEEDING_MAXSIZE (Javascript only): Essentially a combination of BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_SIZE and BRAINTRUST_QUEUE_DROP_WHEN_FULL, which changes the behavior of the queue from storing an unlimited number of elements to capping out at the specified value. Additional elements are discarded.
• BRAINTRUST_FAILED_PUBLISH_PAYLOADS_DIR: Sometimes errors occur when writing records to the backend. To aid in debugging errors, you may set this environment variable to a directory of choice, and Braintrust will save any payloads it failed to publish to this directory.
• BRAINTRUST_ALL_PUBLISH_PAYLOADS_DIR: Analogous to BRAINTRUST_FAILED_PUBLISH_PAYLOADS_DIR, except that Braintrust will save all payloads to this directory.